There are three types of bed rest: Type 1: Light bed rest (light housework, part-time working, short-distance walking, two-hours resting within day), Type 2: Moderate bed rest (leaving job, need for assistance for housework, restricted exercise including walking, resting at most part of the day), Type 3: Complete bed rest (staying at bed all day long, eating at bed, only bathroom privileges). showed that types and duration of bed rest advised by obstetricians in risky conditions vary greatly.(7) Information about the type and duration of bed rest recommended for high-risk pregnancies is unclear.(1,16) A national study carried out in the U.S. Any increase in the degree and duration of bed rest would increase the level of problems experienced.(1,3,4,10,16) Main causes of psychosocial problems observed in pregnant women with risk include separation from family due to hospitalization, being uncomfortable with hospital atmosphere and other patients, and economic concerns. The most common physiologic complications of bed rest are as follows: fluid and electrolyte imbalance, reduction in the stroke volume, slow pulse, muscle atrophy, loss of calcium, glucose intolerance, weight loss, increased coagulation factors, reflux, constipation, headache and delayed postpartum rehabilitation.(1,3,9) And, psychosocial problems related with bed rest are listed as follows: anxiety, low self-esteem, self-blaming, frustration, conflict, sentimentality, crisis, uncertainity, loss of control, boredom and concerns about fetus.(1,3,4,10-12) Degree of side effects varies according to the type and duration of the bed rest. In the U.S., each year nearly 700,000 pregnant women with high risk are sent to bed.(1,3,6,7) Benefits of bed rest for high-risk pregnancies are that resting regulates uterus perfusion and fetal circulation it reduces the pressure on cervix and provides an opportunity to take a rest to the pregnant.(1,3,8,9)ĭespite such benefits, pregnant women who are at bed rest also experience some physiologic and psychosocial side effects. Bed rest is frequently recommended for risky pregnancies between 20-36 weeks’ gestation. In majority of high-risk pregnancies, pregnant woman is firstly recommended to take a bed rest at home or hospital. High-risk pregnancy is defined as “a physiologic and psyhcosocial state endangering the life and health of the mother, fetus or neonate, and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality”.(1,2) Complications that make a pregnant included in the "high-risk pregnancy” group are several: Anomalies of placenta, incompetent cervix, preeclampsia, preterm labor threat, systemic diseases (diabetes, anemia, infection etc.), Rh incompatibility, intrauterine growth retardation, cervical insufficiency and multiparity.(1-5) The nurses, who work in the perinatology services, have to know the problems related to bed rest in order to prevent mother’s and baby’s health. Level of tenseness and sensitiveness are associated with number of children (p<0.05). The pregnant, who have planned pregnancies, have experi enced more severe nightmares and sensitiveness than the pregnant who have unplanned pregnancies (p<0.001). Hospitalized high-risk pregnant women have some problems. The psychological symptoms are related to physical symptoms, obstetric story and age. The pregnant have mostly experimented these stressors according to AHSI: "Thinking about my baby’s health" and "Wondering how long I’ll be in hospital". The pregnant women have lived mild mood changes, moderate tenseness and severe reflux in bed rest period. The data were evaluated with the tests of Cronbach (a) consistency coefficients, percentage, mean and correlation distribution. An information form, "Antepartum Symptom Report" and "Antepartum Hospital Stressors Inventory" (AHSI) were used for collection of the data. The sample group consisted of high-risk pregnant who had completed 16th gestational week, had partial bed rest in hospital for at least 5 days and were accepted to participate in the study (n=52). This descriptive study was conducted to determine the problems. Hospitalized pregnant could have different physical and psychological problems which are related to bed rest. The pregnant women who have high risk are prescribed partial/complete bed rest in hospital/home by health professionals.
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